Overview of top of the Emona Signals & Systems Board for NI ELVIS III

Signals & Systems

The complete lab manual is designed to teach signals and systems concepts with LabVIEW graphical programming and the NI ELVIS platform, including spectrum analysis, time domain analysis, sampling and aliasing, analog-digital conversion, and discrete-time filters. The manual enables students to patch together continuous time and discrete-time systems in real hardware for circuit theory, digital signal processing and signals and system courses. It can be used to teach topics such as convolution, integration, and perform time domain analysis, sampling and aliasing as well as explore poles and zeros with Infinite impulse response (IIR) systems. The EMONA SIGEx board and comprehensive Lab Manual closely follow the typical curriculum encountered by engineering students and is based on leading textbooks on this topic.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe how signals and systems interact in a variety of ways
Describe how the theory behind a system is implemented in a tangible way in real world applications
Use NI ELVIS III technology to experiment with scaled models of real-world systems

COURSE ALIGNMENT

Level	University
Topic	Signal Processing
Style	Laboratory
Prerequisite Skills	Basic knowledge of signal processing Familiarity with differential & integral calculus, ordinary differential equations, and complex variables

Included Course Labs

LAB 1 - USING THE EMONA SIGNALS & SYSTEMS BOARD WITH NI ELVIS III

In this Lab, students are familiarised with the use of the EMONA Signals & Systems board in the NI ELVIS III unit.

LAB 2 - INTRODUCTION TO THE EMONA SIGNALS & SYSTEMS BOARD

In this Lab, students are guided through an explanation of each circuit block on the Signals & Systems board in order to familiarise them with the capabilities of each and every block on the board. In this way they are able to quickly and easily relate electrical blocks with the block diagram elements in the theory. They are also presented with the specifications of each circuit block.

LAB 3 - SPECIAL SIGNALS - CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS

In this Lab students investigate how signals are distorted when a system's response is affected by inertia, and discover signals that are useful for probing a system's behaviour. Signals used are the impulse, step and sinusoid and as this experiment is a process of discovery, we will name the blocks which represent the channel “ System Under Investigation” until we have familiarized ourselves with their actual characteristics through the use of these “probing” signals.

LAB 4 – SYSTEMS – LINEAR & NONLINEAR

In this Lab students will focus on the “system” and discover a signal set which is perfectly matched to a special class of systems. Explorations of various linear and nonlinear systems as well as memory effect will take place. Finally, an introductory investigation of frequency response.

LAB 5 – UNRAVELLING CONVOLUTION

This lab offers a more evocative experience of convolution. By tracing the passage of some basic signals through a simple linear system, the student will be able to observe the underlying process in action, and, with a little arithmetic, discover a formula as it emerges from the hardware. Superposition is introduced and utilized.

LAB 6 - INTEGRATION, CONVOLUTION & CORRELATION

In this Lab students will bring to life the essential mathematical principles of Integration, Convolution and Correlation using real world signals interacting with real world systems. Exploring system responses to real signals by manually executing point by point correlations and convolutions will reinforce the meaning and the relationships between these often used processes.

LAB 7 – EXPLORING COMPLEX NUMBER AND EXPONENTIALS

In this Lab, students will implement realizations of signals which can be described using complex numbers and by so doing, develop an in depth understanding of one use of complex numbers. As well, the creation of exponentially decaying signals will explore the meaning of exponential decay in processes through the use of real electrical signals.

LAB 8 – BUILD A FOURIER SERIES ANALYSER

In this Lab, students will explore the Fourier series by manually decomposing a complex sinusoid into its constituent sine and cosine components using real signals. In this way they will discover and prove to themselves how the fourier series is defined and why it works.

LAB 9 – SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

In this lab, students will compare time and frequency domain representation of numerous important signals, including impulses, sinc pulses and pseudo random noise sequences. As well, non-linear processes are explored and their frequency domain qualities recognised. Real signals are investigated throughout.

LAB 10- TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF AN RC CIRCUIT

In this lab, students will analyse a simple RC circuit as a network, using tools such as steps, impulses, exponential pulses and sinusoids to compare responses with theory. As well they will synthesize an equivalent network and test its performance with real signals.

LAB 11 - POLES AND ZEROS IN THE LAPLACE DOMAIN

In this lab, students will implement a continuous time structures with integrators and study its CT responses. As well they will learn how poles and zeros can be used to visualize frequency responses graphically, and how to apply this to higher order systems.

LAB 12 - SAMPLING AND ALIASING

In this lab, students will sample a continuous signal and investigate the spectrum of this signal, relating this back to the sampling theorems and aliasing issues. As well, undersampling is introduced and its use in other applications.

LAB 13 - INTRODUCTION TO ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION

In this lab, students study real digital streams to understand quantization, synchronization and encoding issues relating to PCM data streams. A conversion process from analog to digital and back to analog is implemented.

LAB 14 - DISCRETE-TIME FILTERS WITH FIR SYSTEMS

In this lab, students implement a FIR structure and use this to discover the relationship of a discrete-time FIR filter to its transfer function.

LAB 15 - POLES AND ZEROS IN THE Z PLANE WITH IIR SYSTEMS

In this lab, students will evaluate a real circuit implementation and investigate how to intuitively design recursive/IIR discrete-time responses. They will use a Bode Analyzer and design software to automate selection of poles & zeros in IIR structures.

LAB 16 - DISCRETE TIME FILTERS - PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

In this lab, students will construct a 2nd order IIR structure and investigate the importance of sensitivity and dynamic range issues that arise in the practical implementation of discrete-time filters, as well as studying the ussies relating to optimum sampling rate selection.

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